Exceptional electron conduction in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks

نویسندگان

چکیده

•Polycondensation enables designed synthesis of n-type organic/polymeric semiconductors•The frameworks reduce reorganization energy and induce interlayer electronic coupling•The achieve exceptional electron mobility•Electrons move in the framework lateral vertical directions In contrast to inorganic semiconductors, semiconductors usually have limited mobilities owing their structural nature. Enabling conduction with high carrier mobility is especially extremely challenging. Herein, we solve this problem by organizing electron-deficient isoindigo units form well-ordered yet non-conjugated covalent organic frameworks, constituting two-dimensional polygonal backbones ordered columnar ? arrays via face-to-face stack. Hall effect measurements, time- frequency-resolved terahertz spectroscopy, as well theoretical calculations, mutually corroborate high-rate transport band-like across layers over 2D planes undoped frameworks. This work thus offers a new regime high-performance semiconductors. Most are p-type whereas versions both availability mobility. How develop remains Here, report an approach topology-directed polycondensation conventional knots linkers tetragonal hexagonal polymeric The polymers planar conformation show flattened frontier levels, which enable electrons along backbones. eclipsed stack reduces greatly strengthens coupling, enabling perpendicular polymer layers. A device recording 8.2 cm2 V?1 s?1 was achieved spectroscopy revealed benchmark 13.3 s?1. These mechanistic insights open way Semiconductors key elements solar cells, light-emitting diodes, thermoelectric generators where basic process, governs performance.1Günes S. Neugebauer H. Sariciftci N.S. Conjugated polymer-based cells.Chem. Rev. 2007; 107: 1324-1338Google Scholar,2Kroon R. Mengistie D.A. Kiefer D. Hynynen J. Ryan J.D. Yu L. Müller C. Thermoelectric plastics: from design synthesis, processing structure–property relationships.Chem. 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Fourier-transform infrared (FT IR) linkages vibration 956, 1,168, 1,245, 1,343 cm?1. were assigned C–B, C–O, B–O stretches,18Wan S5). Elemental C, H, N contents close values thermogravimetric confirmed stable up 400°C nitrogen S6). Upon exposure air (relative humidity ?70%), decreased powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) intensities gradually retaining same FT IR spectra S7). PXRD peaks 2.42°, 4.22°, 4.92°, 6.50°, 8.56°, 26.24° (100), (110), (200), (210), (220), (001) facets, 2A, red curve). Pawley-refined pattern green curve; atomistic coordinates, see Table S1) using P6/m space group cell parameters = b 41.3449 Å, c 3.5309 ? ? 90°, ? 120° reproduced curve without any significant deviations black optimized stacking density-functional tight-binding (DFTB+) method, including Lennard-Jones (LJ) dispersion.35Aradi Hourahine Frauenheim DFTB+, sparse matrix-based implementation DFTB method.J. 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Microscopic origin model.Phys. 96: 205439Google assuming Drude time, estimated 7.5 3.4 2.5 ignore backscattering intrinsically mobilities. extracted line DC measurement. seems remarkable reflects Marcus-like expression43Berlin Y.A. Hutchison G.R. Rempala Ratner Michl hopping wires sequence electron-transfer reactions.J. 2003; 3970-3980Google Scholar,44Kitoh-Nishioka Welke Nishimoto Fedorov D.G. Multiscale simulations transfer integrals FMO-DFTB/LCMO approach.J. 121: 17712-17726Google incoherent describe rate energy. Computations constrained DFT configuration interaction (CDFT-CI)45Wu Kaduk Voorhis T.V. Constrained improves prediction barrier heights.J. 2009; 130: 034109Google couplings larger (Ve > Vh), results measurements Analysis ?B97X-D/6-31G(d) Q-Chem 5.0 0.07 eV CuPc-MIDA-COF, 0.30 S8).46Shao Gan Epifanovsky Gilbert A.T.B. Wormit Kussmann Lange A.W. Behn al.Advances quantum contained 4 program package.Mol. 113: 184-215Google near-zero minimize Nonetheless, lower S9) compared observed, suggesting mechanisms, likely responsible THz spectroscopic Presumably, coupling 4E, panel) cross z-direction-stacked Band-like theoretically predicted COFs.47Patwardhan Kocherzhenko A.A. Grozema F.C. Siebbeles L.D.A. Delocalization 115: 11768-11772Google artificially disabled in-plane connectivity look contributions separately. equivalent 5.19 M0, 3.21 M0 difference 4F) out-of-plane lane). calculated covers whole skeleton, entire S13) band. feature basis backbone. would atomically thick unimolecular circuit 4F). Whether sheet coherent requires investigation. summary, growth situ integrating segments, opens door advantage control micro components, topology, pathway, one-pot polymerization. cutting-edge instrumentation, disclosed behaviors mechanisms. studies important COFs; polymer,

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Chem

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2451-9308', '2451-9294']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2021.08.015